THE CONTENT OF THE DOMINANT THEORIES OF CREATIVITY: ON THE PROBLEM OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE PSYCHOLOGY OF CREATIVITY IN THE RATIONAL-HUMANISTIC PARADIGM

Abstract

The article outlines the main statements of the abstract-analytical theory of creativity, actualizes the role of intellectual activity, sensitivity, bipolarity for creating a structural-level model of the creative process. The essence of creativity is described from the point of view of the theory of problem solving. It was noted that the theory of solving inventive problems have been arisen as an alternative to the “Trial and error method” in the Psychology of Creativity, where the main emphasis is on the processes of the person’s unconscious (insight, which in no way negotiates the effectiveness of the system of heuristic technologies (brainstorming method, the method of synectics, the method of morphological analysis).

The peculiarities of the intellectual and spiritual theory of the formation of the Person, which recognizes the exclusivity and innateness of creative abilities, have been determined. The main characteristics of the Gestalt psychological theory in providing the researches of the problem of creativity and creative thinking of the individual were substantiated. It was noted that in the context of empirical research Gestalt psychologists have introduced into scientific circulation such concepts as “problem situation”, “insight”, “productive thinking”, “centered structure”, “re-centering”.

The characterological features of psychoanalytic and cognitive theories of creativity (the latter have been arisen in the context of the theory of theoretical constructs) were described. It was noted that theoretical frames had been based on the essentially humanistic point of view of the person as a scientist, theoretician, researcher who is able to interpret the world actively, to process information, to predict effectively and, at the same time, creatively interact with the world. The Person, therefore, is a kind of unique system of constructs which are subjective in their content, which the individual uses to interpret his/her life experience, to create his/her own model of the world.

The content of the problem of creativity in the humanistic psychological theory has been determined. It was noted that that theory allowed us to consider creativity in the context of the entire life of a person as a way of his/her life (and not just as a way of solving specific problems), as the opportunity for freedom of choice. It was noted that a Man, in turn, had been understood as an active creator of his/her own life.